American Journal of Cinical Nutrition文摘编译（8月号）

美国成人α-生育酚和γ-生育酚血清水平的分布研究
By qbx826

背景：α-生育酚血清水平在美国人群分布在以往的研究已经有过相关的报道，但是目前对γ-生育酚血清水平分布或二者之比知之甚少。目的：本研究通过美国全国范围选取代表性的成年人进行α-生育酚和γ-生育酚血清水平的测定，探讨其分布情况。设计：本研究的研究对象为参加1999-2000年全国健康和营养调查的4087名20岁及以上的适龄人群。通过HPLC方法进行α-生育酚和-生育酚血清浓度的测定。结果：α-生育酚血清浓度的平均值（+/-标准差）为30.09+/-0.45mmol/L，中位数为25.94 mmol/L以及几何均数为27.39 +/- 0.38 mmol/L。γ-生育酚血清浓度的平均值（+/-标准差）为5.74+/-0.22mmol/L，中位数为5.25 mmol/L以及几何均数为4.79 +/- 0.18 mmol/L。α-生育酚与总胆固醇，γ-生育酚与总胆固醇以及α-生育酚与γ-生育酚之比的中位数分别为4.93mmol/mmol，1.03 mmol/mmol和4.53mmol/mmol。α-生育酚的血清浓度随着年龄的增大显著升高（趋势性检验：P < 0.001），且男性显著高于女性（P = 0.015）。非洲裔和墨西哥裔美国人的α-生育酚的血清浓度显著低于高加索裔美国人（P < 0.001）。γ-生育酚的中位浓度也有随着年龄的增大而升高的趋势，但不存在性别差异，高加索裔美国人的浓度低于非洲裔和墨西哥裔美国人但尚未达到统计学意义。结论：α-生育酚和γ-生育酚血清水平在美国成人中存在人群差异。
出处：Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):375-83.

Distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the US population.

BACKGROUND: Although the population distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol has been described in the United States, little is known about the distribution of gamma-tocopherol or the ratio of alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe the distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in a nationally representative sample of US adults. DESIGN: We reviewed data from 4087 adults aged >/=20 y who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000). Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured by using HPLC with ultraviolet-visible wavelength detection. RESULTS: The arithmetic mean (+/-SEM) of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol was 30.09 +/- 0.45 micromol/L, the median was 25.94 micromol/L, and the geometric mean (+/-SEM) was 27.39 +/- 0.38 micromol/L. The arithmetic mean of serum concentrations of gamma-tocopherol was 5.74 +/- 0.22 micromol/L, the median was 5.25 micromol/L, and the geometric mean was 4.79 +/- 0.18 micromol/L. The median ratio of alpha-tocopherol to total cholesterol was 4.93 micromol/mmol, that of gamma-tocopherol to total cholesterol was 1.03 micromol/mmol, and that of alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol was 4.53 micromol/mmol. Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol increased significantly (P for trend < 0.001) with age and were significantly (P = 0.015) lower in men than in women. African Americans and Mexican Americans had significantly (P < 0.001) lower concentrations of alpha-tocopherol than did whites. The median concentrations of gamma-tocopherol showed a trend with respect to age, did not differ significantly between men and women, and were slightly but nonsignificantly lower in white participants than in African American or Mexican American participants. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic variations in serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol exist among US adults.

PMID: 16895886

矿物质水中钙的吸收性和效用
By hummingbirds

背景：在北美洲人群中钙的摄入实质上低于推荐量。瓶装水含钙量高可能有助于弥补缺乏。目的：目的是概述和总结已经发表的关于高钙矿物质水可吸收性和生物动力学数据，并把这些数据与迄今为止未发表的我们实验室的分析相结合。设计：搜索常用的数据库。作为一个另外的低钙试验饮食的一部分，用微量（45）Ca标记高矿物水中的钙来测量自愿者的钙吸收能力。发表的报告使用了不同的负荷容量和饮食条件，基于发表的钙的吸收能力进行校正使其一致。结果：所有的高钙矿物质水与牛奶钙的吸收能力相等或者稍高一点。试验时，所有产生的生物动力学反应了预测的可以估计的钙的吸收量（例如，尿钙增加、血浆甲状旁腺激素减少、骨重吸收生物标记和骨量保护的减少）。结论：高钙矿物质水能够提供有益的生物可利用钙。
出处：Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):371-4.

Absorbability and utility of calcium in mineral waters.

BACKGROUND: Calcium intake in North America remains substantially below recommended amounts. Bottled waters high in calcium could help close that gap. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to summarize and integrate published absorbability and biodynamic data concerning high-calcium mineral waters and to combine these data with hitherto unpublished analyses from my laboratory. DESIGN: The usual library database was searched. The absorbability of calcium from a high-mineral water labeled with tracer quantities of (45)Ca was measured in human volunteers as a part of an otherwise low-calcium test meal. Published reports that used differing load sizes and meal conditions were harmonized by making corrections based on published calcium absorbability data. RESULTS: All the high-calcium mineral waters had absorbabilities equal to milk calcium or slightly better. When tested, all produced biodynamic responses indicative of absorption of appreciable quantities of calcium (ie, increased urinary calcium, decreased serum parathyroid hormone, decreased bone resorption biomarkers, and protection of bone mass). CONCLUSION: High-calcium mineral waters could provide useful quantities of bioavailable calcium.

PMID: 16895885

荷兰海牙非西方生活方式民族的孕妇维生素D缺乏高发
By justzhang

美国临床营养杂志，2006，84（2）：371-374
背景：维生素D缺乏是北部国家黑皮肤人种的常见病。在妊娠期维生素D缺乏可能会对母婴产生严重的后果。目的：为了明确生活在荷兰大都市海牙的具有少数民族背景的孕妇维生素D 缺乏的概率。设计：大样本的调查助产士的记录非西方移民评估25羟基维生素D妊娠12周内血液的标准范围。市政卫生部门收集了助产士2002年6月到2004年3月的资料，背景变量，是否抽烟、酗酒或服用毒品和罹患感染性疾病。这些孕妇按照民族西方生活方式组、土耳其、摩热堪和其他非西方民族分组研究。结果：在助产士的档案里发现358例孕妇维生素D 浓度的记录，其中29%是西方生活方式的孕妇，22%是土耳其的，19%是摩热堪人；其中位血浆25羟基维生素D浓度分别为：土耳其人（15.2 +/- 12.1 nmol/L），摩热堪人（20.1 +/- 13.5 nmol/L），其他非西方生活方式的妇女（26.3 +/- 25.9 nmol/L）显著比西方生活方式的妇女（52.7 +/- 21.6 nmol/L）低。土耳其妇女的血浆25羟基维生素D有22%的低于正常值低限。该差别不被其他因素干扰，如年龄、社会经济地位和价值观。结论：在荷兰非西方生活方式的孕妇维生素D缺乏的概率非常高，监测应该被推荐。 

By qbx826

目的：在北半球国家，维生素D缺乏在黑种人中是很常见的现象，而孕期维生素D缺乏则会导致孕妇和胎儿产生严重的不良后果。目的：本研究的目的是了解荷兰海牙地区不同种族孕妇维生素D缺乏的患病率。设计：把25（OH）D的检测作为一项血常规检查项目，在12周孕龄时对非西方移民孕妇予以检测，而后地方卫生服务中心从接生员处收集相关信息（2002年6月至2004年3月），包括一般情况信息，吸烟，饮酒及药物使用情况和感染疾病史等。所有孕妇被认为西方、土耳其、摩洛哥和其他非西方人四组。结果：共收集358名孕妇维生素D水平信息，其中29%为西方人，22%的土耳其人以及19%的摩洛哥人。土耳其（15.2 +/- 12.1 nmol/L），摩洛哥（20.1 +/- 13.5 nmol/L）以及其他非西方（26.3 +/- 25.9 nmol/L）孕妇（26.3 +/- 25.9 nmol/L）血清25（OH）D水平显著低于西方孕妇（52.7 +/- 21.6 nmol/L）（P <= 0.001）。22%的土耳其孕妇25（OH）D血清水平低于检测下限。其他因素包括年龄，社会经济因素或配偶信息均不对种族差异造成影响。结论：荷兰非西方孕妇中维生素D缺乏患病率较高，建议进行筛检。
出处：Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):371-4.

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant non-Western women in The Hague, Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is common in dark-skinned persons living in northern countries. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have serious consequences for both mother and child. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to ascertain the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of several ethnic backgrounds who were living in The Hague, a large city in the Netherlands. DESIGN: Midwives whose practice was visited by a large number of non-Western immigrants added the assessment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to the standard blood test given to women who visited the practice during week 12 of pregnancy. Subsequently, the Municipal Health Service collected additional data from the midwives' files (June 2002 through March 2004): background variables, use of tobacco or alcohol or drugs, and infectious diseases. The women were grouped ethnically as Western, Turkish, Moroccan, and other non-Western. RESULTS: The vitamin D concentrations of 358 women were found in the midwives' files. Of these women, 29% were Western, 22% were Turkish, and 19% were Moroccan. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Turkish (15.2 +/- 12.1 nmol/L), Moroccan (20.1 +/- 13.5 nmol/L), and other non-Western women (26.3 +/- 25.9 nmol/L) were significantly (P<= 0.001)